Free Catcher in the Rye Essays: Keeping It Real :: Catcher Rye Essays

Keeping It Real in The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is a tale about a child named Holden Caulfield who encounters some fascinating things and individuals. From eating with two or three nuns, to being with a whore, to getting kicked out of school, Holden handles every circumstance the most ideal way he can. A portion of the individuals Holden meets, he prefers, however the sort of individuals Holden can't stand are the ‘phonies.’ Holden had met a great deal of fakes in the course of his life. Holden lived in a residence that was named after a fake, he heard a fake playing a piano, and he met his date’s fake companion. Holden went to a life experience school called Pencey Prep. There, Holden lived in the Ossenburger Memorial Wing. This corridor was distinctly for youngsters and seniors. The residences were named after a man named Ossenburger who likewise went to Pencey quite a while back. After Ossenburger escaped Pencey, he raked in some serious cash in the endeavor business and gave some of i t to Pencey and that is the reason the new wing of the dormitories are named after him. The following morning, Ossenburger gave a discourse to the understudies of Pencey Prep in regards to how he was never embarrassed when he was in a difficult situation. He expressed that assuming this is the case, he would get directly down on his knees and appeal to God. Ossenburger continued meandering aimlessly about how one ought to consistently implore God and to converse with God any place they were. Ossenburger said to consider him your pal. Holden was diverted by his discourse, and he could â€Å"just see the huge fake jerk... requesting that Jesus send him a couple of more stiffs.†  â â â â â â Holder next went to a dance club called Ernie’s for a couple of beverages. Despite the fact that it was so late, the club was pressed. Ernie, the piano player, was playing some tune that Holden couldn't perceive. Ernie was placing in numerous high notes, flaunting with swells in the high notes, and doing a great deal of other precarious things that Holden thought were idiotic. Be that as it may, the group was going insane for Ernie, applauding and such. â€Å"Old Ernie turned around on his stool and gave this fake, humble bow.† Though Holden thought Ernie’s bombastic mentality was so fake , he felt sort of sorry for Ernie.

Appiled Arts Essay Example for Free

Appiled Arts Essay In spite of the fact that we presently will in general allude to the different artworks as indicated by the materials used to build them-mud, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once regular to consider creates regarding capacity, which prompted their being known as the applied expressions. Moving toward creates from the perspective of capacity, we can isolate them into straightforward classifications: compartments, havens and supports. It is extremely unlikely around the way that compartments, havens, and supports must be utilitarian. The applied expressions are in this way limited by the laws of physical science, which relate to both the materials utilized in their creation and the substances and things to be contained, bolstered, and shielded. These laws are all inclusive in their application, paying little mind to social convictions, geology, or atmosphere. In the event that a pot has no base or has enormous openings in its sides, it could scarcely be viewed as a compartment in any customary sense. Since the laws of material science, not some discretionary choice, have decided the general type of applied-workmanship objects, they follow fundamental examples, to such an extent that useful structures can shift just inside specific cutoff points. Structures without rooftops, for instance, are uncommon in light of the fact that they withdraw from the standard. In any case, not every useful article are actually similar; that is the reason we perceive a Shang Dynasty container as being not the same as an Inca jar. What differs isn't the fundamental structure yet the coincidental subtleties that don't impede the items essential capacity. ?Affectability to physical laws is in this manner a significant thought for the creator of applied-craftsmanship objects. It is frequently underestimated this is additionally valid for the creator of compelling artwork objects. This suspicion misses a critical distinction between the two controls. Artistic work objects are not obliged by the laws of material science similarly that applied-craftsmanship objects are. Since their main role isn't utilitarian, they are just constrained regarding the materials used to make them. Models must, for instance, be steady, which requires a comprehension of the properties of mass, weight dispersion, and stress. Works of art must have inflexible cots with the goal that the canvas will be tight, and the paint must not fall apart, break, or stain. These are issues that must be overwhelmed by the craftsman since they will in general barge in on their origination of the work. For instance, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze sculptures of ponies with a raised foreleg as a rule had a cannonball under that foot. This was done on the grounds that the cannonball was expected to help the heaviness of the leg. At the end of the day, the requests of the laws of material science, not the stone carvers tasteful aims, put the ball there. That this gadget was an important basic trade off is obvious from the way that the cannonball immediately vanished when artists figured out how to reinforce the inward structure of a sculpture with iron supports (iron being a lot more grounded than bronze). Despite the fact that the expressive arts in the twentieth century frequently treat materials in new manners, the fundamental distinction in mentality of specialists comparable to their materials in the expressive arts and the applied expressions remains moderately steady. It would accordingly not be too incredible an embellishment to state that experts of the expressive arts work to conquer the confinements of their materials, while those occupied with the applied expressions work working together with their materials.

A Study of Tradition 10 of the 12 Traditions

A Study of Tradition 10 of the 12 Traditions May 24, 2018 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use By not expressing opinions on outside issues, 12 step groups hope to avoid controversy, both publically and within the fellowship itself. This policy also helps members keep the focus on their common purpose. Tradition 10: Alcoholics Anonymous (and Al-Anon) has no opinion on outside issues; hence the A.A. name ought never be drawn into public controversy. As Al-Anons preamble to the twelve steps and traditions says, Al-Anon is not allied with any sect, denomination, political entity, organization or institution. It does not engage in any controversy, neither endorses nor opposes any cause. Likewise, Alcoholics Anonymous does not lend its name to outside organizations, such as professional treatment facilities. You might see advertisements for treatment programs that claim to be 12-step based, but you wont see any that say they are affiliated with A.A. Applying Principle to Personal Lives If this tradition is followed, it works to keep the fellowship as a whole from engaging in public controversy, but the principal can also be applied to all the affairs of individual members. For example, if Al-Anon members apply this principle to their lives then someone elses recovery -- or more importantly, lack of recovery -- becomes an outside issue, allowing them to detach from the problems of others and focus on their own recovery process. Visitors to this site have taken the time to share their experience, strength, and hope on Tradition 10. Here are their observations: Sticking to the Book The Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous is like The Bible if we follow the message as it was clearly laid out there would be no need to bring in controversy, or outsiders trying to change what it is (along with insiders). Through the years many churches have come up with different opinions as to what was written, leaving society with all sorts of new and improved ways to change the Word of God that they supposedly understood -- and in those changes we have seen a multitude of different churches arrive. In AA, although not perfect, in its 10th Tradition tries harder than any other fellowship Ive seen to stay with the message exactly as it was written. It may have some cracks, but I have yet to see it split apart as I have seen so many churches do, based on public controversy and opinions, and I believe because we value our 10th Tradition, and do our best to protect our fellowship, because our hereafter is now -- not when we die due to the devastating effects of our disease. We as a whole know we are responsible for keeping AA for ourselves just as it is or we are doomed before we could ever think of a place such as heaven, so we will continue to uphold our 10th tradition. Alethea Keep it Simple Alcoholics Anonymous could do nothing but die if it was not for this tradition. If AA officially held opinions on various issues outside the program that could serve to alienate members who disagreed. I have heard many misinformed folks refer to AA as a cult, if not for tradition 10 it could develop into just that with policy set in New York and the rest of us expected to mentally follow. We would be like a political party. I believe this tradition is important for individual AA members as well. Sometimes opinions or treatment center jargon get passed off as AA lore, things like anyone who smokes cigarettes isnt really sober or when we attempt to be untrained Medical Doctors dealing with other members health and medication issues. I even read in the most recent Box 459 about a member whose sponsor told her she had to take a new sobriety date because she had surgery and had to have pain medication. These sorts of opinions can get passed on to newcomers like important parts of the program when in fact they are outside issues. I feel that it is important for me to keep tradition 10 in mind when I share in meetings, the man or woman with the least knowledge of what this program is about is after all the most important person in the room. Maryann Tradition 10: An Oxymoron? In theory, it is a wonderful Tradition. In reality, there are many controversial issues and opinions that Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. (AAWS) becomes involved in. As the old saying goes, by not making a decision you are making a decision. The same goes for not having an opinion. By not taking sides, in theory, AA cannot put itself in a position other than that of neutrality. When neutral, there is no right or wrong nor is there a chance of problems diverting AA from its primary purpose of helping alcoholics recover if they (the alcoholic) desire to do so. This Tradition is also some sort of oxymoron. Take 10 alcoholics and ask their opinions. You will probably get at least 12 opinions. All alcoholics have opinions, most of them strong ones. Controversy is what makes AA grow and prosper in a spiritual sense. It has been that way ever since AA began. All one needs to start a meeting is a resentment and a coffee pot. AAWS itself goes into the public courts litigating to protect property. By doing so, AAWS violates the confidentiality and anonymity of individual AA members and thus invites public controversy. AA the Fellowship and AAWS - the business and publishing empire - are different entities. As a Spiritual Fellowship, AA members, meetings, and groups help carry on this Tradition as it was intended by our founding members. As a business, AAWS has often violated this Tradition and places AA in jeopardy. Just a personal opinion. Mitchell Back to The Twelve Traditions Study

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919

For six weeks in the summer of 1919 the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba was crippled by a massive and dramatic general strike. Frustrated by unemployment, inflation, poor working conditions and regional disparities after World War I, workers from both the private and public sectors joined forces to shut down or drastically reduce most services. The workers were orderly and peaceful, but the reaction from the employers, city council and the federal government was aggressive. The strike ended in Bloody Saturday when the Royal North-West Mounted Police attacked a gathering of strike supporters. Two strikers were killed, 30 wounded and many arrested. Workers won little in the strike, and it was another 20 years before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada. Causes of Winnipeg General Strike The immediate reasons for the building trades and metal workers going on strike were for better wages and working conditions, for recognition of their unions and for the principle of collective bargaining.The broad sweep of the strike, which involved many non-unionized workers, was partly due to frustrations from World War I. Years of sacrifices during the war and high expectations for its aftermath were met with high unemployment, an industrial downturn, and inflation.The tight labor market had led to an increase in unions.The success of the Russian Revolution in 1917 had led not only to an increase in socialist and labor ideas but also a fear of revolution on the part of those in authority. Beginning of Winnipeg General Strike On May 1, 1919, after months of labor negotiations building workers in Winnipeg, Manitoba went on strike.On May 2, metalworkers went on strike when the employers of the main metalwork factories in Winnipeg refused to negotiate with their union.The Winnipeg Trades and Labour Council (WTLC), the umbrella organization for local labor, called a general strike in sympathy on May 15. About 30,000 workers, both unionized and non-unionized, left their jobs.The Winnipeg general strike was coordinated by the Central Strike Committee with delegates from the unions affiliated with the WTLC. The strike was orderly, with workers avoiding providing any excuse to provoke military force. Essential services were maintained.The Citizens Committee of 1000, made up of manufacturers, bankers, and politicians, provided organized opposition to the strike. The Strike Heats Up The Citizens Committee ignored the strikers demands and with the assistance of local newspapers accused the strikers of Bolshevism, of being enemy aliens and of undermining British values.On May 22, the federal Minister of Labour, Senator Gideon Robertson, and the federal minister of the interior and acting minister of justice Arthur Meighen met with the Citizens Committee. They refused to meet with the Central Strike Committee.Within the week, federal government employees, provincial government employees, and municipal workers were ordered to return to work. An amendment to the Immigration Act was rushed through Parliament to allow the deportation of British-born strike leaders and the definition of sedition in the Criminal Code was expanded.On May 30, the Winnipeg police refused to sign a no-strike pledge. They were fired and an 1800-man force of Specials was hired to tame the strike. They were supplied with horses and baseball bats.On June 17, the strike leaders were arrested in l ate-night raids.The city council outlawed the regular demonstration marches, both pro and anti-strike, by veterans. Bloody Saturday On June 21, which came to be known as Bloody Saturday, strikers pushed over and set fire to a streetcar. The Royal North-West Mounted Police attacked the crowd of strike supporters gathered outside City Hall, killing two and injuring 30. The Specials followed the crowd as it dispersed through the streets, beating protesters with baseball bats and wagon spokes. The army also patrolled the streets with machine guns.Authorities shut down the strikers paper, the Western Labour News, and arrested its editors.On June 26, afraid of more violence, the strike leaders called off the strike. Results of Winnipeg General Strike The metalworkers went back to work without a pay increase.Some workers were jailed, some were deported, and thousands lost their jobs.Seven strike leaders were convicted of a conspiracy to overthrow the government and jailed for up to two years.In the 1920 Manitoba provincial election, 11 labor candidates won seats. Four of them were strike leaders.It was another 20 years before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada.Winnipegs economy went into a decline.Winnipeg remained divided between the Tory south end and the working class north.

The Great Gatsby and the Unattainable American Dream

Emily Mielcarek Ms. Lullo AP English 11 December 18, 2011 The Unattainable American Dream The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a story of misguided love between a man and a woman. Fitzgerald takes his reader through the turbulence and trials of Jay Gatsby’s life and of his pining for the girl he met five years prior. The main theme of the novel, however, is not solely about the love shared between Daisy Buchanan and Jay Gatsby. The main purpose is to show the decline and decay of the American Dream in the 1920’s. The American Dream is the goal or idea which suggests that all people can succeed through hard work, and that all have the potential to live happy, successful lives. While on the surface, Gatsby†¦show more content†¦In The Great Gatsby, the American Dream, is, in fact, unattainable. For Gatsby, his dream is to erase the past five years of his life and to love Daisy again and to have her love him. But, this is impossible for one cannot simply go back in time and change what might have been. Gatsby finds himsel f working to reach his goal by indulging in ludicrous material goods and contriving a way to make Daisy fall for him. In Tom Buchanan’s case, his dream is to control. He wants for both Daisy and his mistress, Myrtle, to love him and to be fine with an affair. This dream is also unattainable because everyone loses in this situation. In the end, Myrtle is killed, and so is Tom’s destination. For Nick Carraway, he wants to start over. He wants to find himself, run away from rumors and from his family and commence a new life. He gets caught up in the childish antics of Gatsby and Daisy and Tom and loses who he is instead of discovering his true meaning. When all is said and done, Nick packs up and moves back West. It’s clear that F. Scott Fitzgerald is cynical towards the idea of the American Dream and uses The Great Gatsby as his way of expressing his views. Emily Mielcarek Ms. Lullo AP English December 18th 2011 1. The green light, situated at the end of the Buchanan’s dock, represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby associates the light with Daisy and in Chapter one, he reaches toward itShow MoreRelatedDepicting the Unattainable American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, depicts that the American Dream is unattainable. The novel portrays the ignorance of society after the war. The Great Gatsby was published in 1925 after World War I had ended. Americans, at the time, lived in an illusion to try to forget about the war, thus, the American Dream was very appealing to Americans. The American Dream set an illusion that allowed Americans to believe that one could change the past and â€Å"re-do† the mistakes all overRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The Catcher In The Rye Analysis1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby is set in the 1920s while The Catcher in the Rye is set in the 1950s. Despite the time periods being 30 years apart, both novels depict the American Dream in similar ways through the protagonist. The Great Gatsby follows the story of young man, Jay Gatsby, trying to win back his former love interest, Daisy, through his acquisition of wealth. The Catcher in the Rye is narrated by a male teenager, Holden Caulfield, and follows the story of how he ended up in a mental hospital. TheRead MoreGatsby’s Unrealistic American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald960 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"American Dream† is defined as an idea which believes that all people have the possibility of prosperity and success. 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The roaring twenties also coincided with the prohibition period which saw bootleggers make millions off the sale of contraband and brought life to undergroundRead MoreThe Disillusionment Of The American Dream1050 Words   |  5 PagesDisillusionment of the American Dream The Roaring Twenties is when the Americans, especially wealthy people, are being so wasteful on spending money and are addicted to alcohol and drugs. During that time, many people have hopes for the American Dream. The American Dream is a belief that a better life could be achieved through hard work. Different people have different understandings of American Dream and different ways to pursue their dream. Some key ideas of the American Dream are equality, rightsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald938 Words   |  4 Pagescetera. The American Dream encapsulates the ideals of the â€Å"New World,† bringing together not only the idea of limitless success, but also its newfound availability and encouragement to embrace the promise land. The Great Gatsby explores the American Dream and â€Å"the actual nature of this dream... the manner in which people try to achieve it, as well as the moral implications their actions bring† (Smiljanić, 2). Through The Grea t Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald reveals the truth of the American Dream by showingRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby944 Words   |  4 Pages The American Dream encapsulates the ideals of the â€Å"New World,† bringing together not only the idea of limitless success, but also its newfound availability and encouragement for embracing the promise land. The Great Gatsby explores the American Dream and â€Å"the actual nature of this dream... the manner in which people try to achieve it, as well as the moral implications their actions bring† (Smiljanić, 2). 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South African Military Health Services Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(28) " between services for each\." As combatants, we were used to an enemy that we could see, but HIV is an unseeable enemyaˆÂ ¦ It became an issue of national security for a little state like Eritrea. Dr Haile Mehstun, the Secretary for Health in the probationary authorities of the freshly independent Eritrea during 1991-93 INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW It ‘s been 30 old ages since the designation and intervention of this disease we call AIDS and yet it seems that we are no closer to incorporating it than we are to bring arounding it. This has been chiefly due to the fact that the disease itself is alone in footings of how it attacks and spreads throughout the organic structure and besides because of the widespread and sustained socio-economic, political and demographic impacts. We will write a custom essay sample on South African Military Health Services Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has besides been called a ‘long moving ridge event ‘ whose effects will be felt for coevalss to come. Merely as the distinctive as the epidemic is, so excessively has been the response to it been. This response has been highlighted at assorted intervals by both hectic action on one manus and a entire deficiency of action on the other manus, This was unprecedented international response, as ne’er before had there been a committedness of resources of this magnitude to a wellness cause. As such this response became known as ‘AIDS Exceptionalism ‘ . The word, â€Å" Exceptionalism † , intending to handle or to give something the position of being exceeding had both positive and negative effects. AIDS Exceptionalism began as a Western response to the originally terrorizing and deadly nature of the virus, International organisations such as the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) , Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria ( the Global Fund ) and The US President ‘s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR ) , were formed to specifically address HIV/AIDS. This response was mirrored in South Africa every bit good. Since the first instance was discovered in 1982, The SA Department of Health ‘s ( DoH ) reaction to the epidemic was guided by the responses of the Government of the Day. As such by the twelvemonth 2000, 18 old ages after the fact, it had developed the first National Strategy to turn to HIV AIDS. This was followed by a mass motion by DoH together with NGOs, CBOs and foreign givers like PEPFAR and Jackson Foundation, to mobilise already constrained wellness resources to the direction of HIV/AIDS. The South African Military Health Services ( SAMHS ) which offers Military Health Services to all sanctioned clients of the Dept of Defence, besides maps within the guidelines of the Dept of Health every bit good as the assorted statutory organic structures, besides engaged in this ‘drive ‘ to turn to the flagellum of this disease, as it was discovered that this unobserved ‘enemy ‘ had infiltrated our ranks. The same response that was taken and adopted by the DoH was besides utilised within the SAMHS. Therefore the DoD launched the monolithic Masibambisane Awareness Campaign, followed closely by the Nationwide PROJECT PHIDISA which is a clinical research undertaking focused on the direction and intervention of HIV infection in the uniformed members of the SANDF and their dependents. The major function participants in the designation, intervention and direction of the HIV became the Health Care Professionals ( HCPs ) in the Primary Health Care Services and the same was true for the Defence environment. The first point of contact for the bulk of our clients and the topographic point of on-going direction are Primary Health Care clinics. SAMHS adopted the same intervention and direction guidelines as DoH and offered these and other services to our clients. Any alterations to these policies and guidelines unwittingly affect the service bringing within the SAMHS. So foregrounding the National Health attacks and its effects besides reflects the general mode in which PHC services are delivered in the SAMHS. Due to the graduated table and nature of the HIV epidemic, a disease specific response was seen as the most effectual manner of nearing the disease as it enabled capacity edifice of wellness systems in states in demand. It besides allowed at the clip a more manageable manner to place and turn to spreads in the wellness system whilst still being able to present a service. This attack, nevertheless, resulted in parallel systems being set up, and caused breaks in twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours healthcare proviso every bit good as the disregard of other every bit enfeebling and life endangering wellness conditions. This attack farther caused multiple convergences in the wellness service demands for HIV/AIDS and those for other diseases, which people thought did n’t necessitate this type of pressing, perpendicular response and intercession. PMTCT programmes can non be isolated from equal antenatal clinic services, household planning, bringing installations, and ambulatory services for chronic diseases of adult females and kids. ( A pregnant adult female comes in at 28 hebdomads, kicking of a relentless cough and dark workout suits. At the PHC sister she is diagnosed on clinical marks and symptoms and history as being TB positive and is given a referral to the TB clinic – which is 2 doors off from where she is right now. Further trials reveal that she is besides HIV positive – so she is given a referral to the ARV/Wellness Clinic which is down the transition. Since she has ne’er had any Antenatal Care she is besides given a referral to the Antenatal Clinic – but she receives merely cough mixture today – because there no assignments available for her today in any of the other clinics. This is because we have adopted a perpendicular disease specific response to pull offing our patients. These service bringing agreements are sometimes described in footings of perpendicular or horizontal attacks. Vertical attacks use planning, staffing, direction, and financing systems that are separate from other services, whereas horizontal attacks work through bing health-system constructions. However the planetary community noticed the frequent co-infections between HIV and TB these were persuasive grounds for seeking complementarities between services for each. You read "South African Military Health Services Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Background In the past few old ages, there has been a recoil against this Exceptionalism with critics claiming that HIV/AIDS receives disproportional sum of international assistance and wellness support, and that this has deductions for other wellness issues. Catching diseases and other wellness conditions were abandoned and/or neglected in favor of what became known as a civil-liberties attack. This public wellness attack helped incorporate the epidemic in certain parts of the universe to changing grades. However in Sub-Saharan Africa the disease still wreaks mayhem with about 1400 new infections per twenty-four hours. When antiretroviral intervention ( ART ) was unveiled at the 1996 International AIDS Conference in Vancouver, Canada, AIDS was transformed into a treatable disease. The coming of intervention shifted Western precedences of response â€Å" The handiness of more advanced antiretroviral therapies has made it possible to handle efficaciously those with HIV infection, thereby increasing the importance of early designation and trailing † . As donor states displacement precedences, and in the context of the economic recession, the urgency around the HIV/AIDS response is one time once more worsening. This displacement in policy and international precedences does non alter the world of an epidemic that, after three decennaries, is still unfolding. Others ‘ commentaries highlighted that many diseases and wellness issues ( such as malaria, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, under-nutrition and respiratory upsets ) resulted in more deceases than those related to AIDS in many parts of the universe, but were having less support. Whether or non this disregard was because of the prioritization of the AIDS response or due to other factors was heatedly contested. THE CURRENT HEALTH PICTURE In low income states that have been the hardest hit by HIV, the wellness profile of the twelvemonth 2008, harmonizing to the WHO ( 2011 ) is as follows: Low-income states Deaths in 1000000s % of deceases Lower respiratory infections 1.05 11.3 % Diarrhoeal diseases 0.76 8.2 % HIV/AIDS 0.72 7.8 % Ischaemic bosom disease 0.57 6.1 % Malarias 0.48 5.2 % Stroke and other cerebrovascular disease 0.45 4.9 % Tuberculosis 0.40 4.3 % Prematurity and low birth weight 0.30 3.2 % Birth asphyxia and birth injury 0.27 2.9 % Neonatal infections 0.24 2.6 % Internationally the taking cause of decease harmonizing to the WHO study updated in 2011, the taking cause of decease in 2008 was shockingly non due to AIDS – this could in portion be attributed to the hapless coverage or recording of deceases attributed straight to HIV/AIDS, but it alsol allows the Global Community a opportunity to gain that other serious wellness conditions which exist within our wellness systems, have the capacity to gyrate out of control due to the disregard by the AIDS Exceptionalism response. Universe Deaths in 1000000s % of deceases Ischaemic bosom disease 7.25 12.8 % Stroke and other cerebrovascular disease 6.15 10.8 % Lower respiratory infections 3.46 6.1 % Chronic clogging pneumonic disease 3.28 5.8 % Diarrhoeal diseases 2.46 4.3 % HIV/AIDS 1.78 3.1 % Trachea, bronchial tube, lung malignant neoplastic diseases 1.39 2.4 % Tuberculosis 1.34 2.4 % Diabetess mellitus 1.26 2.2 % Road traffic accidents 1.21 2.1 % Harmonizing to the World Health Statistics 2012 study, one in three grownups global, has raised blood force per unit area – a status that causes around half of all deceases from shot and bosom disease and one in 10 grownups has diabetes. While the planetary mean prevalence is about 10 % , up to one tierce of populations in some Pacific Island states have this status. Left untreated, diabetes can take to cardiovascular disease, sightlessness and kidney failure. Dr A new wave der Merwe, in 2007, found that bosom disease is the 2nd biggest slayer of South Africans after Aids ( est. 890 people / twenty-four hours decease from Aids ) . Harmonizing to the study 30 South Africans die from bosom onslaughts and 60 from shots alone- every individual twenty-four hours with 70 % of these occur in people younger than 55 old ages of age. She farther stated that high blood force per unit area, high cholesterin and diabetes added well to the load of disease in South Africa. Heart disease is non the male merely job it was thought to be old ages ago. One out of four ( 25 % ) SA adult females younger than 60 is affected. Heart disease is the cause of decease in 20 % of all deceases in adult females – much in the same manner that adult females bear the load for HIV/AIDS more than work forces. More than half the deceases due to chronic disease, including bosom disease, occur before the age of 65 old ages. These are premature deceases that affect the work force in the state and have a major impact on the economic system of the state. Premature deceases due to bosom and blood vas diseases in people of working age ( 35 – 64 old ages ) are expected to increase by 41 % between 2007 – 2030. The negative economic impact of this will be tremendous. And yet the bulk of our focal point remains on pull offing HIV/AIDS entirely. The spread between resources required to implement HIV/AIDS programmes and those available has continued to turn over the past three old ages, this is particularly true with respects to the deficit of trained and skilled wellness attention workers particularly physicians and nurses. This has had a farther impact on the direction of other chronic conditions in that the already short supply of physicians and nurses are being channeled to HIV/AIDS Centres with the enticement of higher wages and increased inducements, go forthing fewer staff to pull off the turning figure of other patients with chronic conditions. With the SAMHS as with the DoH clinics and wellness Centres one merely has to take a glimpse around to happen an copiousness of information, postings, booklets etc on HIV/AIDS, and really few if any on other Health Conditions. Expertness is directed and allocated to the ‘Wellness Clinics ‘ and to the ‘proper ‘ direction of HIV positive patients. The ‘other ‘ can do make with what ‘s left. As Sachs notes in a commentary in The Lancet, â€Å" We are non overspending on AIDS but under-spending on the restaˆÂ ¦The pick is non between AIDS, wellness systems, and other Millennium Development Goals. We can and must back up them all. 2. Understanding HEALTH SYSTEMS The term ‘health system ‘ is a shorthand manner of mentioning to all the administrations, establishments and resources that are chiefly concerned with bettering wellness in a peculiar state. They guarantee the proviso of preventative, rehabilitative, healing, and other public wellness services, every bit good as the coevals of the fiscal, physical, and human resources needed for service proviso. Most significantly, wellness systems besides encompass the direction and administration agreements that help guarantee efficiency and equity in proviso of service, reactivity to patient demands, and answerability to communities and the broader society. Why are wellness systems of import? The recent planetary focal point on control of diseases such as HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria has concentrated attending on intercessions that need to be scaled up, such as antiretroviral therapy, TB and malaria intervention, or intermittent intervention of pregnant adult females for malaria. However, the great bulk of intercessions depend in some manner on a basic substructure of services, which in bend depends on the being of a higher degree substructure that provides resources and supervising. Since the Declaration of Alma-Ata, attending to wellness systems has waxed and waned. Most late, in the planetary wellness community at that place has been a displacement back towards advancing wellness systems, or horizontal, intercessions. Horizontal intercessions are defined as those that strengthen the primary attention system, better wellness systems service and bringing, and address general non-disease specific jobs such as wellness worker deficits and inadequate skilled birth attenders. However, there are matter-of-fact troubles with recognizing the rhetoric and funding horizontal intercessions. The Global Fund via the Global Health Initiatives aims to beef up wellness systems to cut down the spread and impact of HIV, TB, and malaria and will assist many states fulfill their human rights duties, in peculiar the â€Å" right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest come-at-able criterion of physical and mental wellness. † Under international jurisprudence, provinces are obliged to take stairss â€Å" to the upper limit of [ their ] available resources, † , to increasingly recognize the right to the highest come-at-able criterion of wellness. The Alma Ata declaration ( 1978 ) promoted a comprehensive attack to bettering wellness with a strong accent on constructing wellness systems â€Å" from the underside up † through primary wellness attention. However this vision was challenged by those who argued that to accomplish a mensurable consequence it was necessary to concentrate on a limited figure of cost-efficient intercessions through selective primary wellness attention. The accent on presenting cost-efficient intercessions resulted in an increasing array of selective programmes, frequently being promoted at the same time. Service bringing agreements are sometimes described in footings of perpendicular or horizontal attacks. Vertical attacks use planning, staffing, direction, and financing systems that are separate from other services, whereas horizontal attacks work through bing health-system constructions. VERTICAL VS SYSTEMS APPROACH . However, there are many studies from experience that jobs may originate when several perpendicular, parallel subsystems are created within the broader health-care system. Parallel attacks are likely to ensue in: aˆ? Duplicates: running parallel systems for presenting drugs to wellness installations will increase conveyance costs, and increase the figure of signifiers that wellness workers need to finish to procure their drug supply. aˆ? Distortions: making a separate cell of better paid wellness workers for the specii ¬?c undertakings of a programme may consume staff from other cardinal maps and/or demotivate staff who do non benei ¬?t from higher wage or better conditions. aˆ? Breaks: programmes frequently train wellness workers by taking them off from their occupations for several yearss or hebdomads, go forthing their stations vacant. This preparation tends to be coordinated across programmes, and may ensue in the same worker having several preparation classs in a twelvemonth, with a significant loss of services being delivered. aˆ? Distractions: likewise, the specii ¬?c and uncoordinated coverage demands of givers can take to several signifiers being i ¬?lled by a exclusive wellness worker for the same job, deflecting them from more productive utilizations of their clip. ( United Nations: Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS No. 55, nem con adopted by the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS2001. ) In amount, in a barbarous circle, weak wellness systems can restrict the effectivity of enterprises taken ND topographic point indefensible emphasis on already weak systems. This quandary drives a cuneus between wellness systems beef uping attempts and the work of the Global Health Initiatives and limits the capacity of both to accomplish their full potency The Community Systems Strengthening ( CSS ) Framework is a Global Fund enterprise which was finalized in May 2010. A bill of exchange CSS Framework was tabled at a workshop held 24-25 March 2011 in Johannesburg, South Africa. South AFRICAN RESPONSE The HIV A ; AIDS and STI Strategic Plan for South Africa 2012-2016 flows from the National Strategic Plan of 2007-2011 every bit good as the Operational Plan for Comprehensive HIV and AIDS Care, Management, and Treatment. It represents the state ‘s multisectoral response to the challenge with HIV infection and the wide-ranging impacts of AIDS. The NSP 2012-2016 was developed through an intensive and inclusive procedure of drafting, aggregation and bite of inputs from a broad scope of stakeholders ; through electronic mails, workshops, and meetings. SANAC had chance to interrogate the bill of exchanges on three occasions. The national multisectoral response to HIV and AIDS is managed by different constructions at all degrees. States, local governments, the private sector and a scope of CBOs are the chief implementing bureaus. Each authorities section has a focal individual and squad responsible for planning, budgeting, execution and monitoring HIV and AIDS intercessions. In this program, communities are targeted to take more duty and to play a more meaningful function. The NSP is based upon a set of cardinal Guiding Principles: ‘Supportive Leadership ‘ ‘Effective Communication ‘ ‘Effective Partnerships ‘ ‘Promoting societal alteration and coherence ‘ ‘Sustainable programmes and funding ‘ The intercessions that are needed to make the NSP ‘s ends are structured under four key precedence countries: Prevention ; Treatment, attention and support ; Human and legal rights ; and Monitoring, research and surveillance. Key Priority Area 1: Prevention Reduce by 50 % the rate of new HIV infections by 2011. The purpose is to guarantee that the big bulk of South Africans who are HIV negative remain HIV negative Key Priority Area 2: Treatment, Care, and Support Reduce HIV and AIDS morbidity and mortality every bit good as its socioeconomic impacts by supplying appropriate bundles of intervention, attention and support to 80 % of HIV positive people and their households by 2011. Mitigate the impacts of HIV and AIDS and make an enabling societal environment for attention, intervention and support Strengthen the execution of OVC policy and programmes Expand and implement CHBC as portion of EPWP Strengthen the execution of policies and services for older people affected by HIV and AIDS Mainstream the proviso of appropriate attention and support services to HIV positive people with disablements and their households Key Priority Area 3: Research, Monitoring, and Surveillance The NSP 2207-2011 recognises monitoring and rating ( M A ; E ) as an of import policy and direction tool. Key Priority Area 4: Human and Legal Rights Stigma and favoritism continue to show challenges in the direction of HIV and AIDS. This precedence country seeks to mainstream these in order to guarantee witting execution programmes to turn to them. RESPONSE WITHIN THE SAMHS UNAIDS ( 2003 ) reported that uniformed services, including peacekeepers, often rank among the population groups most affected by sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ) , including HIV. Military forces are two to-five times more likely to contract STIs than the civilian population and, during struggle, this factor can increase significantly. A military analyst with South Africa ‘s Institute of Strategic Studies has warned that, unless the spread of AIDS among ground forcess from high-prevalent states is stopped shortly, it is possible that many of these states will be unable to take part in future peacekeeping operations. This would stand for a serious blow since soldiers from states, with, or nearing, high-HIV prevalence rates ( above 5 % ) make up 37 % of all UN peacekeepers. UNAIDS STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE SA MILITARY HEALTH SERVICE – Contribution TO GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES 2011-2014 Government Priority Outcome 2. The SAMHS nucleus concern is directed to lend to the Government Priority Outcome 2, A Long and Healthy Life for all South Africans. The SAMHS is an active participant in the National Human Development Cluster and the Programme of Action of the bunch is straight linked to the following cardinal end products as identified and formulated by the bunch: aˆ? Increased life anticipation at birth. aˆ? Reduced kid mortality. aˆ? Decreased maternal mortality ratio. aˆ? Pull offing HIV prevalence. aˆ? Reduced HIV incidence. aˆ? Expanded Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission programme. aˆ? Improved TB instance Findings. aˆ? Improved TB results. aˆ? Improved entree to antiretroviral intervention for HIV-TB co-infected patients. Decreased prevalence of MDR-TB. aˆ? Revitalisation of primary wellness attention. aˆ? Improved physical substructure for wellness attention bringing. aˆ? Improved patient attention and satisfaction. aˆ? Accreditation of wellness installations for quality. Enhanced operational direction of wellness installations and improved entree to human resources support. aˆ? Improved wellness attention funding and wellness information systems, improved wellness services for the young person and expanded entree to place based attention and community wellness workers. The undermentioned five cardinal end products that constitute the footing of the Health Sector ‘s Negotiated Service Delivery Agreement ( NSDA ) for 2010-2014 are required from the SAMHS: aˆ? Health Promotion And Prevention Directed To Healthy Life Styles. aˆ? Increasing life anticipation. aˆ? Reducing maternal and child mortality rates. aˆ? Combating HIV and AIDS and diminishing the load of diseases from TB and aˆ? Strengthening wellness system effectivity. The SAMHS has 6 major formations that deal with the operation of the SAMHS as a whole. Of specific mention to this treatment is the Area Military Health Formation, and the Tertiary Military Health Formation that trades specifically with the comprehensive direction of DoD patients. The Area Formation is the Formation through which Primary Health Care is delivered to all SANDF members and their dependents through assorted Military Medical Clinics, Polyclinics and Base Hospitals. Within the Department of Defence ( DoD ) the South African Military Health Services, the Surgeon General manages the HIV Programme since 1991 through a multi-disciplinary attack. The construction of the SA Military Health Service makes proviso for assorted degrees of direction, and the HIV Management Structure mirrors these degrees. The first degree of the HIV Management Structure allows for audience to the Surgeon General and the remainder of the DOD, policy preparation, monitoring and coordination of the HIV ProgrammeThe 2nd degree of the HIV Management Structure allows for execution of the HIV programme throughout the DOD. â€Å" Regional † HIV/AIDS Committees. â€Å" Nodal Points † or regional HIV programme directors appointed in the states, military infirmaries, the Institute of Military Medicine, Aerospace Medicine and the Institute of Maritime Medicine. HIV Workplace Programme Managers, appointed in every unit/workplace in the DOD. HIV Master trainers and other forces involved in the HIV Training Programme of the DOD. The HIV/AIDS Coordinating Committee is responsible for guaranting execution and coordination of the HIV programme and supervising the executing of the HIV programme. As such the commission is end product driven with respect to the direction of the entire HIV Programme. The HIV Programme Manager acts as president of the commission. This Committee every bit good as the SG are guided by the National Strategic Plan and the Treatment Guidelines as developed by the DoH. As is seeable there is n’t a Directorate for Diabetes or Cardiac Care or Director Hypertension and Stroke Management. So within the SAMHS as good energies and attempts have been mobilized in an exceeding attempt to turn to HIV/AIDS, as was demonstrated by the monolithic PHIDISA Project. Challenge The systemic challenge of human resources peculiarly in the wellness sector, attenuates the expected benefits of these committednesss. The proviso of wellness services is labour intensive and a scope of both clinical and direction accomplishments are required to present quality wellness services in an low-cost and just mode. There is presently an instability in the distribution of wellness professionals between the populace and the private wellness attention sectors, with the bulk of physicians, druggists, and tooth doctors in peculiar placed in the private sector. In add-on, the migration of wellness professionals to developed states has contributed to the job of recruiting and retaining wellness professionals in the public wellness sector. The most destitute countries such as informal colonies and rural countries are disproportionately affected by deficits in human resources.. WAY FORWARD Controling the harrying effects of HIV/AIDS should non happen at the cost of pull offing other non-communicable chronic conditions that can be merely as lay waste toing. In order to guarantee that the badness of the HIV pandemic is met with the response that it deserves and to supply a comprehensive medical service the SAMHS has to accommodate to the undermentioned guidelines: Adopting theoretical accounts of attention with per se high scalability. The huge bulk of African states use the western referral theoretical account of attention with big Numberss of specialised wellness workers, mostly indefensible for pull offing HIV and AIDS and timeserving infections. Rigid staff definitions hinder occupation sharing and cross-training. In add-on, HIV and AIDS intervention runs the hazard of going a perpendicular programme, focused on a limited set of proficient intercessions offered without mention to people ‘s societal environment and insufficiently integrated with other wellness attention proviso. The world is that people populating with HIV and AIDS live and work in communities non in wellness installations. The challenge is therefore to keep big Numberss of people populating with HIV and AIDS in their communities and prolong them on long-run therapy with high conformity and attachment. Urgently needed are large-scale incorporate public wellness theoretical accounts for turn toing antiretroviral therapy and other signifiers of HIV and AIDS attention and intervention at the primary attention and community degrees. 2. Redefining professional functions Developing and polishing public wellness theoretical accounts for HIV/AIDS intervention and attention will affect extended appraisals, stakeholder treatments and pilot trials. Among the likely issues: redefining and devolving functions and strategies of service and reexamining professional licensure and accreditation demands for wellness staff at all degrees. Pilot undertakings show that some undertakings related to antiretroviral therapy, such as everyday follow ups and reding, can be carried out by lay community workers, trained and supported by referral systems. Technology offers many exciting possibilities for leveraging rare accomplishments and expertness over big Numberss of midlevel and alternate wellness suppliers, possibilities to be investigated. Mobile wellness services need to be refined, adapted and used to widen antiretroviral therapy into widely dispersed communities. Any attack ( or set of attacks ) will profit from leading, sound feasibleness surveies and policy or regulative counsel. 3. Increasing skilled human resources for wellness. Most national or local wellness services are inadequately staffed to supply HIV/AIDS intervention and attention and serve people with other demands. The Joint Learning Initiative on human resources for wellness estimated that Africa needs one million extra wellness professionals in order to run into the WHO ‘s minimal staffing for wellness attention proviso ( Joint Learning Initiative 2004 ) . Health Care Providers themselves are acquiring sick at high rates, adding to losingss of forces who move to the private sector or other states. Health reforms adopted in many states in the 1990s demand to be reviewed in the visible radiation of current and future staff demands, including footings of service. Organizations stand foring wellness workers and authoritiess need to maintain forces in topographic point and better their motive, working environments and inducements. Plan implementers must besides undertake the reluctance of many wellness workers to work in rural locations. 4 Training wellness attention professionals. Training for wellness suppliers to present antiretroviral therapy and relevant supportive, logistical and monitoring services remains limited. A Kenyan survey shows that merely 30 % of physicians ordering antiretroviral drugs had received preparation in administrating and supervising antiretroviral therapy ( Livesley and Morris 2004 ) . There is a clear demand to develop rapid developing methods in order to spread out services across all cells involved in antiretroviral therapy. 5 Meeting the costs of intervention and attention. For scaling-up to be successful, the monetary value of antiretroviral therapy and other indispensable drugs for the direction of chronic conditions and related intercessions needs to come down to a degree that African authoritiess can budget for sustainably. Budgeting for antiretroviral therapy requires a vision and committedness to prolong support for at least five decennaries and possibly longer. Once started, antiretroviral therapy and medicine for lasting chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, must be provided for the patient ‘s life-time. The sustainability of support for HIV/AIDS enterprises raises legion political and ethical issues that can be resolved merely with committed leading. 6 Developing a patient attention substructure. Health forces need substructure to back up their proficient and interpersonal accomplishments. Functioning research lab and proving installations must be available if antiretroviral therapy programmes are to win. 7 Increasing patient followup to increase attachment. Patients must take their chronic medicine which includes antiretroviral drugs on a regular basis. If random breaks occur specifically with ARVs, the virus is likely to mutate into drug-resistant strains. The deficiency of attachment to intervention is non a new job. For illustration, the outgrowth of multidrug-resistant TB is related to the deficiency of attachment to intervention and inappropriate drugs. Many womb-to-tomb diseases like IHV are complex and time-demanding and T is complicates adherence. Close patient followup additions attachment, but this is a challenge in resource-constrained African scenes. 8.Sustaining drug supplies: . A discontinuance in drug supply increases the hazard of failed intervention, detrimental non merely to the patient but besides easing drug-resistant strains. Periodic drug deficits are non uncommon in Africa At the national degree the challenge is to construct strong drug procurance and distribution systems, avoiding supply breaks and leaks and guaranting drug quality. At the undertaking degree, logistics are important, guaranting safe drug storage and distribution. 9. There is besides an increasing demand for a strategic, co-ordinated attack to the epidemic and for the integrating of HIV/AIDS into the primary wellness attention system. 10. Recommendations for South Africa by the Global Health Initiatives Fund, which can be implemented in the SAMHS include: â€Å" Ensure cosmopolitan entree to basic wellness attention, giving absolute precedence to the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the population ( kids and adult females ) -with specific mention it includes the married womans and kids of soldiers who live in rural otherwise unaccessible countries. Reinforce whole wellness systems, alternatively of establishing schemes on perpendicular plans ; Strengthen substructures, organisation and control of plans, purchase and distribution of indispensable medical specialties ( including antiretroviral drugs for the intervention of AIDS ) ; And, above all, invest in human resources within the public wellness sector through preparation, motive, appropriate and merely wage of wellness forces that will assist barricade the drain of staff to the private sector and abroad. † Decision The vision which fuelled our battle for freedom ; the deployment of energies and resources ; the integrity and committedness to common ends – all these are needed if we are to convey AIDS under control. ( Mandela, Davos 1997 ) Right now nevertheless, since the handiness of ARVs, we have turned the tide on HIV/AIDS being the decease sentence that it began as, but we turned our dorsums on the other menaces that are harrying the wellness of our soldiersaˆÂ ¦ How to cite South African Military Health Services Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Hershey Company Analysis

Introduction This case study focuses on The Hershey Company. It involves analysis of internal and external environments, financial statement, identification of the strategy currently used by the company and recommend future strategies. A number of theoretical concepts and models shall be applied in analyses, which would include SWOT, generic strategy VIRO/resources and competences, PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, portfolio analysis using the Boston Matrix (BCG), Ansoff matrix, the type of strategy, and feasibility of the recommendations.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Hershey Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Hershey Company is the â€Å"largest manufacturer of quality chocolate in North America and a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery†. The company’s major products include â€Å"chocolate and sugar confectionery products; pantry items, such as bak ing ingredients, toppings and beverages; and gum and mint refreshment products†. Financial Analysis Table 1: Net Margins – source Summary of Operations 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 5-Year Compound Growth Rate Net Sales $ 7,146,079 $ 6,644,252 $ 6,080,788 $ 5,671,009 $ 5,298,668 6.8 % Cost of Sales $ 3,865,231 $ 3,784,370 $ 3,548,896 $ 3,255,801 $ 3,245,531 2.7 % Net Income $ 820,470 $ 660,931 $ 628,962 $ 509,799 $ 435,994 21.4 % Over the last fiscal five years, the company’s net sales have increased from $ 5,298,668 to $ 7,146,079 between the year 2009 and 2013. Its five-year compound growth rate is 6.8 percent. In the fiscal year 2013, the company’s net sales increased by 7.6 percent relative to the previous financial year and 9.3 percent between the fiscal year 2012 and 2011. The increment was attributed to â€Å"increased sales volume of core brands and new products in the US and the international market†. At the same time, the cost of sa les rose to 2.1 percent in 2013 relative to 2012. Net Profit Margin = Net Income/Net Sales = _____ 2009Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 435,994 /5,298,668 = 0.08 = 8.23 % 2010 435,994 / 5,298,668 = 0.0823 = 8.23 % 2011 628,962 / 6,080,788 = 0.1034= 10.34 % 2012 660,931 / 6,644,252 = 0.0995 = 10 %Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Hershey Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2013 820,470 / 7,146,079 = 0.115 = 11.5 % The profit margins show that the Hershey Company makes profits from its activities after deduction of all expenses. SWOT Analysis Strength: A strong global brand Diversified portfolio that includes gum and chocolate The company targets several segments, including resorts and restaurants A business model developed to ensure repeat success in the global market A matrix that ensures continued focus on North America and the global market Acquisition of other companies such as Shanghai Golden Monkey Food Joint Stock and Brookside Foods Ltd A wide variety of products Loyal customers Strong financial resources, management team and solid operating cash flow Weaknesses: Long-term debts Increase in operational costs Inability to identify potential international markets and strategic partners fast Opportunities: Changing consumer tastes and preferences New products for health conscious customers Emerging markets globally A large supply chain Working with the International Cocoa Initiative Foundation to eliminate child labour Improving the supply chain Financial leverage Use of various advertisement strategies and media Threats:Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rising levels of competition from Kraft Foods, Mars Inc and Wrigley Changes in prices of raw materials Product sourcing from third parties Changes in prices of products Volatility in foreign exchange rates Increasing costs of doing business due to different laws and regulations across different countries Generic strategy The company has adopted a consumer-driven approach for its core brand investment in both U.S. and key international markets to drive its low-cost provider strategy. The company leadership and the Board of Directors have worked on a broad â€Å"five-year strategic plan for both domestic and international growth†. The Hershey company currently has a global outlook with the required resources and tools to support winning strategies and promote the five core brands, namely Hershey’s, Reese’s, Hershey’s Kisses, Jolly Rancher and Ice Breakers. The company believes that its current strategies support the new long-term strategic objectives. In 2010, many critics questioned the ability of the company to deliver long-term value to shareholders when it failed to bid for the UK Cadbury. The Hershey Company generates most of its revenues in the North America markets. Failure to bid for Cadbury was viewed as a poor strategic decision based on international expansion strategies, but the company defended itself by noting that Cadbury’s assets did not support its framework. Resources and competences/VIRO The company has continued to invest in tools and capabilities that support its major brand growth. These resources have focused on supporting â€Å"individual segments of chocolate, non-chocolate candy and refreshment in the U.S. and key international markets†. The company has solid cash flow and a strong balance sheet. Hershey uses its financial resources for value enhancing strategic acquisitions.  In addition, it has focused on creating a knowledge-driven company with insights from consumers and intellectual cap ital. Consequently, it has been able to create competitive advantage and differentiate itself from peers. The Hershey Company believes in the potential and capabilities of its human resources, brands and processes.  It has predicted that its net sales could reach $ 10 billion by the end of the fiscal year 2017 based on the solid organic growth witnessed in the past. The company has a strong strategic plan that would enable it succeed in any markets. PESTEL Political Generally, the company’s major markets in North America are politically stable and therefore there are limited political risks. However, its international operations in the Middle East, Africa and China among other countries could be adversely affected because of political risks and regime changes. Economic Fluctuating exchange rates affect the company’s earnings. Past economic recession and instability in the Euro zone have affected the company’s revenues. The growing US economy depicts favourable conditions in its major markets while emerging economies also offer better prospects. Social The changing tastes and preferences of consumers towards healthier diets will affect the company’s generic products. Conversely, such trends offer opportunities for the company to provide new products for different consumers. Technological The Hershey Company has a global supply chain. The company would benefit greatly by automating several elements of the supply chain. It is also imperative to use technology to create competitive advantage in the industry. Environmental Adverse weather conditions and crop diseases have affected cocoa production and cocoa quality. The company receives nearly 72% of its cocoa from West African states, which have poor records in environmental management. Legal The Hershey Company must observe food quality and safety regulations to avoid legal challenges. In addition, it must also abide by various laws and regulations globally. Porter’s 5 forces Buyer power Buyer power is generally low in the industry. Many customers are end users, wholesalers, convenience stores and grocers. End users have low bargaining power while many customers are loyal to the brand. Price sensitivity is not a major concern among customers. Intensity of Rivalry The industry is highly competitive in both domestic and international markets, but barriers to entry, exit and consumer loyalty have protected well-established brands. The industry requires specialized equipment. Threat of substitutes Threats of substitutes are high for the company. Consumers may opt for other products such as snack food, other gift items like flowers or jewellery. There is no notable switching cost while recent price increase could favour substitutes. Supplier power This is low because the company manufacturers certain products or works with specific third parties to provide products. It has contracts with third parties with the aim of enhancing its strategic advantage and cost -effective production in product sourcing. Threats of new entrants Companies can only achieve economies of scale through mass production. High barriers to entry, particularly costs have created low threats from new entrants. A portfolio analysis such as the Boston Matrix (BCG)/Industry Life cycle Stars:  These are the primary products of the company sold in the US and other markets. They include Hershey’s, Reese’s, Hershey’s Kisses, Jolly Rancher and Ice Breakers. Cash Cows:  These products include a wide range of candy bars, chocolate, toffee bar, Soft Crà ¨mes, snack nuts and peppermint pattie among others. Dogs:  Some chocolate, sweets and refreshment products sold in the international markets. The Hershey Company does concentrate much on these products. Question marks:  Now, the company does not seem to have any questionable products in its portfolio. Nevertheless, the Hershey Company must focus on research and development (RD) to â€Å"develop new products, improve the quality of its current products, develop new products for health conscious consumers, improve production processes and find new ways of enhancing quality and value of its major products and proposed product lines†. Ansoff matrix The Hershey Company could protect its market shares and acquire new customers through special offers and price-cutting strategies on many of its candy and chocolate products. The company has a potential to attract new customers for its existing product range. It can identify a new segment of customers who prefer healthier chocolate, candy and other products. The company may also focus on emerging markets in Asia, Africa, South America and the Middle East. The Hershey Company will continue to rely on its RD department to develop products that appeal to many consumers, particularly health conscious customers.  The Hershey Company has focused on diversification through new markets in Asia, Africa and the Middle East (international markets). The horizontal integration has allowed the company to grow globally. The company has not withdrawn any product from the market because of decline in life cycle. However, it may be forced to withdraw products due to low quality or decline in market shares. Hershey has aggressive marketing and promotional techniques to ensure brand success. Types of strategy – growth The company has focused on a growth strategy through various ways. First, it seeks to increase revenue and profits from its existing products. In the recent past, Hershey has noted an increase in the market share and revenues in the North America markets and international markets. Second, the company has embarked on business takeovers to grow its international operations. For instance, in 2012 and 2013, Hershey acquired Brookside Foods Ltd and Shanghai Golden Monkey Food Joint Stock respectively. Third, it has strategic alliances on long-term basis with several companies to manufacture, sell or distribut e some specific products. Some of these companies include Cadbury Ireland and UK, Socià ©tà © des Produits Nestlà © SA and Huhtamà ¤ki Oy affiliate. Strategic alliances also aim to control price risks associated with cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel, oil and certain dairy products. Finally, the horizontal integration has ensured that the company has increased product range in existing markets. Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility for any recommendations The company has recorded excellent growth in its domestic markets. Hershey, therefore, should increase its international presence to create a global brand.  Hershey requires state-of-the-art technologies to enhance its international operations. It would also be beneficial if the company establishes some cocoa processing factories near its major cocoa sources. This would reduce transportation costs significantly. As consumer tastes and preference change, the company should focus on new products and collaborate with other outlets such as Starbucks for distribution. This strategy would introduce new products, new consumers and tap new markets. The RD must continue to be innovative in product development. Hershey must focus on improving customer experience throughout its outlets.  The company must continue to maintain good relations with all its employees in different regions. References Hershey CEO defends company strategy. (2010, February 4). Australian Food News. Web. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: Text Cases (8th ed.). Harlow Essex: Financial Times Prentice Hall. The Hershey Company. (2014). FORM 10-K: 2013 Annual Report. Web. The Hershey Company. (2012). Hershey Details Strategy for Continued Growth and Announces New Long-Term Net Sales and Earnings Targets. Web. This case study on The Hershey Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Analia Benton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.